01. How’s language and its parts, including words and morphemes, represented in the mind of the speaker; how is this representation accessed and used? How can we account for the variation in the phonetic shape of these elements as a function of context and speaking style?
02. How, physically and physiologically, does speech work – the phonetic mechanisms of speech production and perception, including the structures and units it is built on?
03. How and why does pronunciation change over time, thus giving rise to different dialects and languages, and different forms of the same word or morpheme in different contexts? How can we account for common patterns in diverse languages, such as segment inventories and phonotactics?
04. How can we ameliorate communication disorders?
05. How can the functions of speech be enhanced and amplified, for example, to give permanency to ephemeral speech, to permit communication over great distances, and to permit communication with machines using speech?
06. How is speech acquired as a first language and as a subsequent language?
07. How is sound associated with meaning?
08. How did language and speech arise or evolve in our species? Why is the vocal apparatus different as a function of the age and sex of the speaker? What is the relation, if any, between human speech and non-human communication?
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